See known on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "aforeknown"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "beknown"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "better known as"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "known-ciphertext attack"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "knownless"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "knownness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "last known good"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "officially known as"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "preknown"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "underknown"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"knowen",
"knowen#Middle_English"
],
[
"cnāwen",
"cnawen#Old_English"
],
[
"know",
"know#English"
],
[
"-n",
"-n#English:_past_participle"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "knowen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English knowen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cnāwen",
"pos": "past participle"
},
"expansion": "Old English cnāwen (past participle)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "know",
"3": "n<id:past participle>"
},
"expansion": "know + -n",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English knowen, from Old English cnāwen (past participle).\nMorphologically know + -n.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "better known",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "best known",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "knowne",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "+better"
},
"expansion": "known (comparative better known, superlative best known)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "best-known"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "better-known"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lesser-known"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "little-known"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "well-known"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "unknown"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
14
]
],
"text": "He was a known pickpocket.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
16
]
],
"ref": "1664 April 3 (date written; Gregorian calendar), Samuel Pepys, Mynors Bright, transcriber, “March 25th, 1664 (Lady day)”, in Henry B[enjamin] Wheatley, editor, The Diary of Samuel Pepys […], volume IV, London: George Bell & Sons […]; Cambridge: Deighton Bell & Co., published 1894, →OCLC, page 85:",
"text": "Being not knowne, some great persons in the pew I pretended to, and went in, did question my coming in.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Identified as a specific type; famous, renowned."
],
"id": "en-known-en-adj-1k5PlZSz",
"links": [
[
"Identified",
"identify"
],
[
"specific",
"specific"
],
[
"type",
"type#Noun"
],
[
"famous",
"famous"
],
[
"renowned",
"renowned"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "njohur"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "i nim"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "maʕlūm",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "مَعْلُوم"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "bho",
"lang": "Bhojpuri",
"lang_code": "bho",
"roman": "jñāt",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "ज्ञात"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "poznat",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "познат"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "conegut"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"lang_code": "ceb",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "giila"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "známý"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "zlw-ocs",
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "věst"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "kendt"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "tunnettu"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "connu"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "coñecido"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "sabido"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "cnobili",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "ცნობილი"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "saxelovani",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "სახელოვანი"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "bekannt"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"roman": "kunþs",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍃"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "gnostós",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "γνωστός"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "gnṓrimos",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "γνώριμος"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "gnōstós",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "γνωστός"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "vidit",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "विदित"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "mālūm",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "मालूम"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "jñāt",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "ज्ञात"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "ismert"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "þekktur"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "conosciuto"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "noto"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "mälim",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "мәлім"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "nōtus"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "kjent"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "orv",
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "věstŭ",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "вѣстъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "šenâxte",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "شناخته"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "wiadomy"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "conhecido"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"lang_code": "qu",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "riqsisqa"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "izvéstnyj",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "изве́стный"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "jñāta",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "ज्ञात"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "sco",
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "kent"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "známy"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "znaty"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "conocido"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "que tiene fama de"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "conocido por"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "consabido"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "sabido"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "känd"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "bilinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "vidómyj",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "відо́мий"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"lang_code": "ur",
"roman": "mālūm",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "معلوم"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "hysbys"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "gwybyddus"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "unknown"
}
],
"categories": [
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"kind": "other",
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},
{
"_dis": "29 54 7 4 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 52 18 3 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"name": "Terms with Albanian translations",
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],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
35,
42
]
],
"text": "At the time, Einstein's theory was unknown to most other scientists.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
230,
235
]
],
"ref": "2013 July-August, Stephen P. Lownie, David M. Pelz, “Stents to Prevent Stroke”, in American Scientist:",
"text": "As we age, the major arteries of our bodies frequently become thickened with plaque, a fatty material with an oatmeal-like consistency that builds up along the inner lining of blood vessels. The reason plaque forms isn’t entirely known, but it seems to be related to high levels of cholesterol inducing an inflammatory response, which can also attract and trap more cellular debris over time.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Accepted, familiar, researched."
],
"id": "en-known-en-adj--vJveKil",
"links": [
[
"Accepted",
"accepted#Adjective"
],
[
"familiar",
"familiar#Adjective"
],
[
"researched",
"research#Verb"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/nəʊn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/naːn/",
"tags": [
"Northumbria"
]
},
{
"enpr": "nōn",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/noʊn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-known.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e3/En-us-known.ogg/En-us-known.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/En-us-known.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈnɐʉn/",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈnɐʉ.wən/",
"note": "some speakers",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-au-known.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/En-au-known.ogg/En-au-known.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/En-au-known.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊn"
},
{
"homophone": "none"
}
],
"word": "known"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"knowen",
"knowen#Middle_English"
],
[
"cnāwen",
"cnawen#Old_English"
],
[
"know",
"know#English"
],
[
"-n",
"-n#English:_past_participle"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "knowen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English knowen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cnāwen",
"pos": "past participle"
},
"expansion": "Old English cnāwen (past participle)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "know",
"3": "n<id:past participle>"
},
"expansion": "know + -n",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English knowen, from Old English cnāwen (past participle).\nMorphologically know + -n.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "knowns",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "known (plural knowns)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
21,
26
],
[
39,
44
]
],
"text": "You have to tell the knowns from the unknowns.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
53,
59
]
],
"ref": "2012, Thomas Dougherty, Antibiotic Discovery and Development, volume 1, page 39:",
"text": "The biological dereplication tool may identify major knowns in a mixture, but it may miss novel minor components.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any fact or situation which is known or familiar."
],
"id": "en-known-en-noun-WMPl4EI~",
"links": [
[
"fact",
"fact"
],
[
"situation",
"situation"
],
[
"known",
"#Adjective"
],
[
"familiar",
"familiar#Adjective"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Algebra",
"orig": "en:Algebra",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A constant or variable the value of which is already determined."
],
"id": "en-known-en-noun-FsW9iVBt",
"links": [
[
"algebra",
"algebra"
],
[
"constant",
"constant#Noun"
],
[
"variable",
"variable#Noun"
],
[
"value",
"value#Noun"
],
[
"determine",
"determine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(algebra) A constant or variable the value of which is already determined."
],
"topics": [
"algebra",
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/nəʊn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/naːn/",
"tags": [
"Northumbria"
]
},
{
"enpr": "nōn",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/noʊn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-known.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e3/En-us-known.ogg/En-us-known.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/En-us-known.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈnɐʉn/",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈnɐʉ.wən/",
"note": "some speakers",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-au-known.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/En-au-known.ogg/En-au-known.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/En-au-known.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊn"
},
{
"homophone": "none"
}
],
"word": "known"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"knowen",
"knowen#Middle_English"
],
[
"cnāwen",
"cnawen#Old_English"
],
[
"know",
"know#English"
],
[
"-n",
"-n#English:_past_participle"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "knowen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English knowen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cnāwen",
"pos": "past participle"
},
"expansion": "Old English cnāwen (past participle)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "know",
"3": "n<id:past participle>"
},
"expansion": "know + -n",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English knowen, from Old English cnāwen (past participle).\nMorphologically know + -n.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb form",
"cat2": "irregular past participles"
},
"expansion": "known",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 10 7 8 71",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -n (past participle)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "know"
}
],
"glosses": [
"past participle of know"
],
"id": "en-known-en-verb-WeUwo7Kn",
"links": [
[
"know",
"know#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/nəʊn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/naːn/",
"tags": [
"Northumbria"
]
},
{
"enpr": "nōn",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/noʊn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-known.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e3/En-us-known.ogg/En-us-known.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/En-us-known.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈnɐʉn/",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈnɐʉ.wən/",
"note": "some speakers",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-au-known.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/En-au-known.ogg/En-au-known.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/En-au-known.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊn"
},
{
"homophone": "none"
}
],
"word": "known"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English autological terms",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English irregular past participles",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms suffixed with -n (past participle)",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verb forms",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Esperanto translations",
"Rhymes:English/əʊn",
"Rhymes:English/əʊn/1 syllable",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Bhojpuri translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Cebuano translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Gothic translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Lower Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Old Czech translations",
"Terms with Old East Slavic translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Quechua translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sanskrit translations",
"Terms with Scots translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Urdu translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "aforeknown"
},
{
"word": "beknown"
},
{
"word": "better known as"
},
{
"word": "known-ciphertext attack"
},
{
"word": "knownless"
},
{
"word": "knownness"
},
{
"word": "last known good"
},
{
"word": "officially known as"
},
{
"word": "preknown"
},
{
"word": "underknown"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"knowen",
"knowen#Middle_English"
],
[
"cnāwen",
"cnawen#Old_English"
],
[
"know",
"know#English"
],
[
"-n",
"-n#English:_past_participle"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "knowen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English knowen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cnāwen",
"pos": "past participle"
},
"expansion": "Old English cnāwen (past participle)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "know",
"3": "n<id:past participle>"
},
"expansion": "know + -n",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English knowen, from Old English cnāwen (past participle).\nMorphologically know + -n.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "better known",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "best known",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "knowne",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "+better"
},
"expansion": "known (comparative better known, superlative best known)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"word": "best-known"
},
{
"word": "better-known"
},
{
"word": "lesser-known"
},
{
"word": "little-known"
},
{
"word": "well-known"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "unknown"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
14
]
],
"text": "He was a known pickpocket.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
16
]
],
"ref": "1664 April 3 (date written; Gregorian calendar), Samuel Pepys, Mynors Bright, transcriber, “March 25th, 1664 (Lady day)”, in Henry B[enjamin] Wheatley, editor, The Diary of Samuel Pepys […], volume IV, London: George Bell & Sons […]; Cambridge: Deighton Bell & Co., published 1894, →OCLC, page 85:",
"text": "Being not knowne, some great persons in the pew I pretended to, and went in, did question my coming in.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Identified as a specific type; famous, renowned."
],
"links": [
[
"Identified",
"identify"
],
[
"specific",
"specific"
],
[
"type",
"type#Noun"
],
[
"famous",
"famous"
],
[
"renowned",
"renowned"
]
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "unknown"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
35,
42
]
],
"text": "At the time, Einstein's theory was unknown to most other scientists.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
230,
235
]
],
"ref": "2013 July-August, Stephen P. Lownie, David M. Pelz, “Stents to Prevent Stroke”, in American Scientist:",
"text": "As we age, the major arteries of our bodies frequently become thickened with plaque, a fatty material with an oatmeal-like consistency that builds up along the inner lining of blood vessels. The reason plaque forms isn’t entirely known, but it seems to be related to high levels of cholesterol inducing an inflammatory response, which can also attract and trap more cellular debris over time.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Accepted, familiar, researched."
],
"links": [
[
"Accepted",
"accepted#Adjective"
],
[
"familiar",
"familiar#Adjective"
],
[
"researched",
"research#Verb"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/nəʊn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/naːn/",
"tags": [
"Northumbria"
]
},
{
"enpr": "nōn",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/noʊn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-known.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e3/En-us-known.ogg/En-us-known.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/En-us-known.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈnɐʉn/",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈnɐʉ.wən/",
"note": "some speakers",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-au-known.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/En-au-known.ogg/En-au-known.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/En-au-known.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊn"
},
{
"homophone": "none"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "njohur"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "i nim"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "maʕlūm",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "مَعْلُوم"
},
{
"code": "bho",
"lang": "Bhojpuri",
"lang_code": "bho",
"roman": "jñāt",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "ज्ञात"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "poznat",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "познат"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "conegut"
},
{
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"lang_code": "ceb",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "giila"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "známý"
},
{
"code": "zlw-ocs",
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "věst"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "kendt"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "tunnettu"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "connu"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "coñecido"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "sabido"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "cnobili",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "ცნობილი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "saxelovani",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "სახელოვანი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "bekannt"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"roman": "kunþs",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍃"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "gnostós",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "γνωστός"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "gnṓrimos",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "γνώριμος"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "gnōstós",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "γνωστός"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "vidit",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "विदित"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "mālūm",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "मालूम"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "jñāt",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "ज्ञात"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "ismert"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "þekktur"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "conosciuto"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "noto"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "mälim",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "мәлім"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "nōtus"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "kjent"
},
{
"code": "orv",
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "věstŭ",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "вѣстъ"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "šenâxte",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "شناخته"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "wiadomy"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "conhecido"
},
{
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"lang_code": "qu",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "riqsisqa"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "izvéstnyj",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "изве́стный"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "jñāta",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "ज्ञात"
},
{
"code": "sco",
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "kent"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "známy"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "znaty"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "conocido"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "que tiene fama de"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "conocido por"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "consabido"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "sabido"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "känd"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "bilinen"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "vidómyj",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "відо́мий"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"lang_code": "ur",
"roman": "mālūm",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "معلوم"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "hysbys"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "whom other people know; renowned, famous",
"word": "gwybyddus"
}
],
"word": "known"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English autological terms",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English irregular past participles",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms suffixed with -n (past participle)",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verb forms",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Esperanto translations",
"Rhymes:English/əʊn",
"Rhymes:English/əʊn/1 syllable",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Bhojpuri translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Cebuano translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Gothic translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Lower Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Old Czech translations",
"Terms with Old East Slavic translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Quechua translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sanskrit translations",
"Terms with Scots translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Urdu translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"knowen",
"knowen#Middle_English"
],
[
"cnāwen",
"cnawen#Old_English"
],
[
"know",
"know#English"
],
[
"-n",
"-n#English:_past_participle"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "knowen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English knowen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cnāwen",
"pos": "past participle"
},
"expansion": "Old English cnāwen (past participle)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "know",
"3": "n<id:past participle>"
},
"expansion": "know + -n",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English knowen, from Old English cnāwen (past participle).\nMorphologically know + -n.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "knowns",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "known (plural knowns)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
21,
26
],
[
39,
44
]
],
"text": "You have to tell the knowns from the unknowns.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
53,
59
]
],
"ref": "2012, Thomas Dougherty, Antibiotic Discovery and Development, volume 1, page 39:",
"text": "The biological dereplication tool may identify major knowns in a mixture, but it may miss novel minor components.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any fact or situation which is known or familiar."
],
"links": [
[
"fact",
"fact"
],
[
"situation",
"situation"
],
[
"known",
"#Adjective"
],
[
"familiar",
"familiar#Adjective"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Algebra"
],
"glosses": [
"A constant or variable the value of which is already determined."
],
"links": [
[
"algebra",
"algebra"
],
[
"constant",
"constant#Noun"
],
[
"variable",
"variable#Noun"
],
[
"value",
"value#Noun"
],
[
"determine",
"determine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(algebra) A constant or variable the value of which is already determined."
],
"topics": [
"algebra",
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/nəʊn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/naːn/",
"tags": [
"Northumbria"
]
},
{
"enpr": "nōn",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/noʊn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-known.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e3/En-us-known.ogg/En-us-known.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/En-us-known.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈnɐʉn/",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈnɐʉ.wən/",
"note": "some speakers",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-au-known.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/En-au-known.ogg/En-au-known.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/En-au-known.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊn"
},
{
"homophone": "none"
}
],
"word": "known"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English autological terms",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English irregular past participles",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms suffixed with -n (past participle)",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verb forms",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Esperanto translations",
"Rhymes:English/əʊn",
"Rhymes:English/əʊn/1 syllable",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Bhojpuri translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Cebuano translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Gothic translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Lower Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Old Czech translations",
"Terms with Old East Slavic translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Quechua translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sanskrit translations",
"Terms with Scots translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Urdu translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"knowen",
"knowen#Middle_English"
],
[
"cnāwen",
"cnawen#Old_English"
],
[
"know",
"know#English"
],
[
"-n",
"-n#English:_past_participle"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "knowen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English knowen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cnāwen",
"pos": "past participle"
},
"expansion": "Old English cnāwen (past participle)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "know",
"3": "n<id:past participle>"
},
"expansion": "know + -n",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English knowen, from Old English cnāwen (past participle).\nMorphologically know + -n.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb form",
"cat2": "irregular past participles"
},
"expansion": "known",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "know"
}
],
"glosses": [
"past participle of know"
],
"links": [
[
"know",
"know#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/nəʊn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/naːn/",
"tags": [
"Northumbria"
]
},
{
"enpr": "nōn",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/noʊn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-known.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e3/En-us-known.ogg/En-us-known.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/En-us-known.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈnɐʉn/",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈnɐʉ.wən/",
"note": "some speakers",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-au-known.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/En-au-known.ogg/En-au-known.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/En-au-known.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊn"
},
{
"homophone": "none"
}
],
"word": "known"
}
Download raw JSONL data for known meaning in All languages combined (22.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.